• Data Types and Variables

• Operators and Expressions

• Control Statements (if-else, switch, loops)

• Arrays and Strings

• Input and Output in Java (Scanner, BufferedReader)

• Classes and Objects

• Constructors and Initialization Blocks

• Inheritance (Single, Multilevel, Hierarchical)

• Polymorphism (Method Overloading & Overriding)

• Encapsulation and Abstraction

• Interfaces and Abstract Classes

• Static and Final Keywords

• Introduction to Exceptions

• Types of Exceptions (Checked & Unchecked)

• Try-Catch Blocks and Finally

• Throw, Throws, and Custom Exceptions

• List, Set, and Map Interfaces

• ArrayList, LinkedList, Vector

• HashSet, TreeSet, LinkedHashSet

• HashMap, TreeMap, LinkedHashMap

• Iterators and Streams in Collections

• Introduction to Multithreading

• Creating Threads (Thread Class & Runnable Interface)

• Thread Life Cycle

• Synchronization and Inter-Thread Communication

• Executor Framework

• Reading and Writing Files

• FileInputStream and FileOutputStream

• BufferedReader and BufferedWriter

• Serialization and Deserialization

• Introduction to Databases and JDBC

• Connecting Java with MySQL/PostgreSQL

• Performing CRUD Operations

• Prepared Statements and Callable Statements

• Lambda Expressions

• Functional Interfaces

• Streams API

• Default and Static Methods in Interfaces

• Optional Class

• Creating GUI Applications using Swing

• JavaFX Basics and UI Controls

• Event Handling in GUI